\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx,bm}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
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    \draw[double=lightgray](0.25,\x)to[bend left](-0.25,\x-0.05);
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  \draw[thin](0.06,-0.75)--++(-45:1.0)node[right]{辅助电极};
  \draw[thin](0.06,0.75)--++(30:1.2)node[right]{主电极};
  \draw[thin](0,-0.1)--++(-45:0.8)node[right]{石英玻璃管};
  \draw[thin](0.7,0.5)--++(45:0.5)node[right]{外壳};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}